Gender related differences in clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease patients with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Authors

  • Amber Ashraf
  • Saadia Ashraf
  • Muhammad Faheem
  • Umair Ali
  • Noor Ul Hadi
  • Muhammad Abdur Rauf

Keywords:

Ischemic heart disease, COPD, Gender difference, Symptoms, Clinical presentation

Abstract

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in non-communicable group of diseases. By year 2030, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) will be the third leading cause of death globally. IHD and COPD coexist in 18-50% of patients in different studies.Objective: Objective of the present study was to determine gender related differences in clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease patients with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 

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How to Cite

Ashraf, A., Ashraf, S., Faheem, M., Ali, U., Hadi, N. U., & Rauf, M. A. (2018). Gender related differences in clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease patients with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine, 24(2), 91–95. Retrieved from http://pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/527

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 2 (2018)

Section

Original Article

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