Frequency of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a sleep-related disorder that is characterized by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep which leads to hindered airflow. It has been recognized as a common comorbidity in patients with COPD contributing to the severity of symptoms and COPD progression. Early identification and timely intervention will prevent complications and decrease morbidity and the rate of hospital admissions. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Pulmonology Unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar between September 18, 2018, to March 18, 2019. Overall, 88 COPD patients fulfilling the criteria were studied. Patients' demographic data was entered into a structured questionnaire. Each patient was assessed for BMI (Body Mass Index) and neck circumference. Later on, to eliminate bias all patients were subjected to the same level-3 polysomnography (a portable monitor which monitors at minimum the respiratory movements, oxygen saturation, airflow i.e. AHI and pulse rate. Each polysomnographic study was attended by the same sleep laboratory technician with adequate relevant experience. Those having an AHI of more than 5 were taken as OSA. Results: The mean age in years for this study was 55.7 with an SD (standard deviation) of ±7.82. A total of 88 patients were subjected to the study among which males were 36.4% and 63.6% were female. The mean BMI was 35.89 kg/m2 with a standard deviation ± 7.52. Moreover, 63.6% had obstructive sleep apnea while 36.4% didn't have obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study underscores the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patientsdiagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), with 63.6% of participants exhibiting OSA.