The Role of Oral Microbiota in the Development of Dentition, its Periodontal Health, and Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Systemic Review
Keywords:
Oral Microbiota, Pediatric Dentistry, Respiratory Infections, Microbial ImbalanceAbstract
Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children Pathogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Prevotella, have been implicated in respiratory diseases like pneumonia. Objective: To investigate the role of oral microbiota in the development of dentition, periodontal health, and respiratory infections among pediatric patients. It measures the impact of microbial imbalances on children's dental and systemic health. Methodology: In this systemic review, a broad data search was piloted in ‘PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for research published between years from 2017 and 2022. The study focus was on research examining pediatric dentistry, oral anatomy, oral pathology, periodontology, and respiratory infections. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed for quality assessment, and data extraction followed guidelines PRISMA. Results: After the Prisma analysis total of fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, indicating that oral microbiota was associated with dental caries, delayed tooth eruptions, periodontal diseases, and respiratory infections in children. Maintaining a balanced microbiome is essential for oral and systemic health. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral microbiota has an impact on pediatric dental and periodontal health and the occurrence of respiratory infection. The findings from the review demonstrate that an imbalance of oral microbiota, particularly the growth of pathogen species such as Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella, is closely linked to the early onset of dental caries, gingival inflammation, and periodontal disease in children. Furthermore, oral disbiosis appears to extend its impact beyond the oral cavity; serval studies had a strong correlation between poor oral health and an increased risk of respiratory infections, emphasizing the systemic implications of oral microbiota imbalance. Interventions aimed at maintaining microbial balance could potentially reduce the incidence of dental and systemic diseases in children.References
Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol. 2000. 2021;87(1):107-31.
Kaan A, Kahharova D, Zaura E. Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiota. Periodontol. 2021;86(1):123-41.
Dzidic M, Collado MC, Abrahamsson T, Artacho A, Stensson M, Jenmalm MC, et al. Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay. ISME J. 2018;12(9):2292-306.
Thomas C, Minty M, Vinel A, Dunyach-Remy C, Schuldiner S, Sotto A, et al. Oral microbiota: A major player in the diagnosis of systemic diseases. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(8):1376.
Alhabdan YA, Albeshr AG, Yenugadhati N, Jradi H. Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environ Health Prev Med. 2018;23:1-14.
Ndagire B, Kutesa A, Ssenyonga R, Nakanjako N. Prevalence, severity and factors associated with dental caries among school adolescents in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Braz Dent J. 2020;31:171-8.
Dong J, Li W, Wang Q, Liu X, Dai W, Zhang H. Relationships between oral microecosystem and respiratory diseases. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;8:718222.
Könönen E, Gursoy UK. Oral Prevotella species and their connection to events of clinical relevance in gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Front Microbiol. 2022;12:798763.
Gerritsen J, Younes J. The role of the local microbiomes in inflammatory and infectious diseases of the respiratory tract and oral cavity. In: Microbiota in health and disease: from pregnancy to childhood. Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2017. p. 259.
Henares D, Rocafort M, Brotons P, Muñoz-Almagro C. Rapid increase of oral bacteria in nasopharyngeal microbiota after antibiotic treatment in children with invasive pneumococcal disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:744727.
Assiry AA, Adil AH, Naing NN. Periodontal disease among Saudi Arabia and South Asian developing nations. Int J Pharm Res. 2021;13(2).
Nayani AA, Iqbal R, Azam SI, Khan AA. Association between environmental tobacco smoke and dental caries amongst 5-14 years old children in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(2):203.
Kareem O, Ijaz B, Anjum S, Aslam M, Arshad S. Association of depression with dental caries and periodontal disease at a tertiary care hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(5):1345-9.
Kanagaratnam S, Schluter P. A review of early childhood caries, risk factors and preventive strategies. NZ Dent J. 2019;115(4):132-50.
Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N, Marsh PD, Zaura E. Applications of the oral microbiome in personalized dentistry. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;104:7-12.
Fechney JM, Browne GV, Prabhu N, Irwin JD, Hunter N. Preliminary study of the oral mycobiome of children with and without dental caries. J Oral Microbiol. 2019;11(1):1536182.
Sabella FM, de Feiria SNB, Ribeiro AdA, Bastos LF. Exploring the interplay between oral diseases, microbiome, and chronic diseases driven by metabolic dysfunction in childhood. Front Dent Med. 2021;2:718441.
Fölster-Holst R. Diseases of the oral mucosa in infants, children and adolescents. In: Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: Study Guide and Review. 2021:467-77.
Bibi K, Rehman A, Fatima A, Javed F, Khan NA. Assessment of antibiotics and fluoride toothpastes against pathogenic bacteria associated with dental caries. Abasyn J Life Sci. 2018;1(1):1-10.
Gedam KY, Katre AN. Efficacy of probiotic, chlorhexidine, and sodium fluoride mouthrinses on mutans streptococci in 8-to 12-year-old children: a crossover randomized trial. Lifestyle Genom. 2022;15(1):35-44.
Logien SM. Oral Candida carriage and fungi species prevalence. Benghazi University, 2022.
Nath S, Poirier B, Ju X. Periodontal disease inequities among Indigenous populations: A systematic review and metaâ€analysis. J Periodontal Res. 2022;57(1):11-29.
Willis JR, Gabaldón T. The human oral microbiome in health and disease: from sequences to ecosystems. Microorganisms. 2020;8(2):308.
Pacheco VMB, Ferreira ACFM, de Andrade Ferreira C, et al. Is oral hygiene performed by caregivers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy effective? Res Soc Dev. 2021;10(15)
Hsu K-LC, Dhar V, Tinanoff N. Worldwide variations in methodology and reporting of early childhood caries: a scoping review. Pediatr Dent. 2021;43(5):349-68.
Jalil V, Khan M, Haider SZ, Hussain R, Qureshi H, Gilani MA. Investigation of the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antioxidative effect of Piper betle leaf extract against Bacillus gaemokensis MW067143 isolated from dental caries, an in vitro-in silico approach. Microorganisms. 2022;10(12):2485.
Soffritti I. Investigating the role of environmental and human microbiome in health and disease: focus on pathogen’s monitoring and control. 2022.
Di Stefano M, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Palazzo G, Giudice A. Impact of oral microbiome in periodontal health and periodontitis: a critical review on prevention and treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9):5142.
Jia G, Zhi A, Lai P, Wang G, Xie H, Wei F, et al. The oral microbiota–a mechanistic role for systemic diseases. Br Dent J. 2018;224(6):447-55.
Acharya A, Chen T, Chan Y, Alonaizan FA, Wang X, Joud H, et al. Species-level salivary microbial indicators of well-resolved periodontitis: a preliminary investigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:347.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
