Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis is associated with Non-Smoking Male Lung Cancer and correlated with Immunocytochemistry Markers
Keywords:
Lung Cancer, Salivary Microbiome, Dysbiosis, BiomarkerAbstract
Background: There may be a link between oral micro-biota and a higher risk of cancer of lung, according to many researches. However, there has not been much research done on the possible link between male nonsmokers' salivary microbiota and lung cancer. Furthermore, there is a paucity of research on the connection between immunohistochemical markers and the salivary microbiota. Objective: To find an association between lung cancer and salivary microbiome in non-smoker males as well as a relationship between immunohistochemical markers and salivary microbiota. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Pulmonology Department, Combined Miitary Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan for duration of six months from January 2021 to June 2021.  A 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to evaluate the salivary flora of 120 non-smoker male lung cancer patients and 80 healthy persons. Furthermore, we found a correlation coefficient among the salivary micro-biota and three immunohistochemistry markers likeTTF-1, Napsin A, and CK7 using Spearman's rank. Results: The lung cancer patients exhibited considerably lower microbial richness and diversity compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The comparison of the similarity analysis between the control group and lung cancer patients showed clear changes in the composition of their flora. (p=0.001). Notably, non-smoking lung cancer male patients had comparatively greater levels of the genera of bacterial "Sphingomonas" (P < 0.05) and "Blastomonas" (p = 0.0001), while the control group had higher levels of the genus "Acinetobacter" (p = 0.001) and "Streptococcus" (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that salivary flora might be a useful resource for identifying non-invasive lung cancer biomarkers. The study additionally identified distinct salivary microbiome patterns in male lung cancer patients who do not smoke. It proposed potential connections between the immune-cyto-chemistry markers and salivary microbiota used in clinical diagnostics.References
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