Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Specimens: A Comparative Analysis from Suspected TB Patients
Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary TB, Extrapulmonary TB, Diagnostic TechniquesAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and continues to pose a significant challenge to public health departments globally. TB infected millions of people annually. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and halting its spread. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and halting its spread. Objective: The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in clinical samples collected from hospitalized patients who were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methodology: The present research was conducted using samples from individuals suspected of having pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who sought care at the Medicine department of Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, between January 2021 and December 2021. GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing was applied to all samples received by this department, providing results for both MTB detection and rifampicin resistance. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the patients' medical records. Results: Among 1170 suspected TB cases, 41.02% tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with males comprising 75% of positive cases. The average age was 45.60 years, and the average hospital stay was 12.89 days. Sputum was the most common sample source (73%). Pulmonary TB accounted for 79.16% of cases, with 44% showing concurrent PTB among extrapulmonary TB cases. Chest imaging revealed notable findings, with a "tree-in-bud" appearance significantly associated with pulmonary TB. Conclusion: The epidemiology and characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) among suspected cases. Males were predominantly affected, with 41.02% testing positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Radiological findings, notably the "tree-in-bud" appearance, were significant in diagnosing pulmonary TB.References
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