Assessing the Impact of TB-Related Stigma on Self-Esteem and Social Well-Being: A cross-sectional study among Tuberculosis Patients

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an international public health problem with serious social and psychological consequences. TB stigma leads to social isolation, emotional distress, and lower self-esteem among patients, affecting their treatment compliance and quality of life. Objective: To explore the association between TB-related stigma and self-esteem, particularly its effects on patients' psychological adjustment and social interactions. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey among 330 TB patients was done using standardized scales to measure stigma and self-esteem. Comparative analysis was done on the basis of demographic characteristics, and qualitative interviews gave deeper insights into patient experiences. Results: The results of our study show moderate to high level of perceived stigma (mean = 3.8, SD = 0.9) and low self-esteem (mean = 17.2, SD = 4.5). Unemployment and female gender were associated with increased stigma and decreased self-esteem scores, supporting the association between socioeconomic circumstances and mental distress. Comparative analysis with international research verifies that stigma plays an important role in influencing TB patients' mental health and treatment compliance Conclusion: Stigma of Tuberculosis has been a huge hindrance to the treatment of such a population with vulnerability. Alongside with public health education and other intervention initiatives, it is extremely crucial to ensure psychosocial support for improving the self-esteem of the patients and compliance with such lengthy treatment.