Impact of Respiratory Diseases on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background In recent years Acute and chronic respiratory complications in during pregnancy have become more common and significant. Physicians need to be aware about cardiopulmonary physiology in order to identify and treat pregnant women who have respiratory diseases such as adults with respiratory distress syndrome and asthma in an efficient way. Objective  To study the effect of different respiratory diseases on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant women. Methodology  This retrospective study was conducted in the department of gynecology Ayub medical college Abbottabad and Jinnah hospital Abbottabad from January2021 to May 2021. This study encompassed all patients with respiratory diseases as well as those who were pregnant.  All pregnant woman who experienced a respiratory problem during her pregnancy, as well as any new respiratory diseases or exacerbations of previous illnesses including bronchitis and asthma, were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.  A value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant when using the Fisher's exact test and Pearson's Chi square as significance tests. Ethical approval was taken form ethical committee of the Ayub medical college Abbottabad. Results A total of 218 pregnant women who had   reparatory complications were enrolled in this study. Of those with respiratory complications, 93.57% were between the ages of 20 to 35 years. Bronchial asthma being the most common 156 (71.55%) respiratory complication in pregnancy. The common respiratory complication was Bronchial asthma 156 (71.55%) followed by Respiratory tract infections 23(10.5%), Allergic bronchitis 17(7.7%) and Acute respiratory distress syndrome 9(4.12%). Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) was seen in 4% women individuals with asthma. There was a 1.5% maternal death rate. Women with lower respiratory tract infections who also had sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were frequently associated with poor prenatal outcomes, such as preterm (15.9%). Neonatal characteristics were recorded, 46.3% of all newborns were admitted to the NICU, and 6.1% of them received treatment for respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion It was concluded from the current study that respiratory disorders during pregnancy put the mother at higher risk .The most common respiratory complication in our study was bronchial asthma (71.55%) resulted maternal death 1.4% death. Thorough prenatal investigation combined with pulmonary function tests improves the chance of a successful outcomes prenatal screening for mothers with respiratory disorders is recommended due to the increased risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the developing fetus.