The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Asthma Control: Exploring the Connection Between Mental Health and Respiratory Health
Keywords:
Asthma, Anxiety, Depression , Risk FactorsAbstract
Background: It has been examined that asthma has been associated to a rise in mental disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Controlling asthma may be more challenging as a result of this relationship. Objective: To investigate as Anxiety and depression are independent risks factors for difficult to control Asthma. Methodology:  This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Pulmonology, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan from January 2020 to November 2020. People over 18 years old who have been diagnosed with asthma and have undergone regular outpatient treatment for at least 6 months were eligible for inclusion.Top of Form Spirometry data was collected both before and after the inhalation of a short-acting β2 agonist, followed by another spirometry test. Furthermore, patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (ACQL), and the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Data was analyzed through statistical freeware R, version (2.10.1). Results: A total of 80 individuals participated in the study. Based on their ACT scores (< 20), approximately 50(62.5%) of the individuals had uncontrolled asthma. There was no difference in the quality-of-life scores between individuals who had controlled and uncontrolled asthma. We detected a strong correlation between uncontrolled asthma and HADS scores that were both diagnostic for anxiety along with the ones that were diagnostic for depression plus anxiety. Conclusion We concluded that compared to individuals with controlled asthma, those with uncontrolled asthma had a greater prevalence of anxiety and depression. Feelings of depression and anxiety are two important independent risk factors for poor quality of life and uncontrolled asthma. ÂReferences
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. NIH publication, no. 02-3659. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2006.
Bateman ED, Boushey HA, Bousquet J, Busse WW, Clark TJ, Pauwels RA, et al. Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 170(8):836-44.
Barnes PJ, Jonsson B, Klim JB. The costs of asthma. Eur Respir J. 1996;9(4):636-42.
Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, et al. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):59-65.
Chung KF, Godard P, Adelroth E, Ayres J, Barnes N, Barnes P, et al. Difficult/therapy-resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and find novel therapies. ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(5):1198-208.
Centanni S, Di Marco F, Castagna F, Boveri B, Casanova F, Piazzini A. Psychological issues in the treatment of asthmatic patients. Respir Med. 2000;94(8):742-9.
Goodwin RD, Eaton WW. Asthma and the risk of panic attacks among adults in the community. Psychol Med. 2003;33(5):879-85
Goodwin RD, Jacobi F, Thefeld W. Mental disorders and asthma in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(11):1125-30.
Di Marco F, Verga M, Santus P, Giovannelli F, Busatto P, Neri M, et al. Close correlation between anxiety, depression, and asthma control. Respir Med. 2010;104(1):22-8.
Lavoie KL, Cartier A, Labrecque M, Bacon SL, Lemière C, Malo JL, et al. Are psychiatric disorders associated with worse asthma control and quality of life in asthma patients? Respir Med. 2005;99(10):1249-57.
Kullowatz A, Kanniess F, Dahme B, Magnussen H, Ritz T. Association of depression and anxiety with health care use and quality of life in asthma patients. Respir Med. 2007; 101(3):638-44.
Heaney LG, Conway E, Kelly C, Gamble J. Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a difficult asthma population: relationship to asthma outcome. Respir Med. 2005;99(9):1152-9.
Oraka E, King ME, Callahan DB. Asthma and serious psychological distress: prevalence and risk factors among US adults, 2001-2007. Chest. 2010; 137(3):609-16.
Kuehn BM. Asthma linked to psychiatric disorders. JAMA. 2008;299(2):158-60.
de Oliveira MA, Faresin SM, Bruno VF, de Bittencourt AR, Fernandes AL. Evaluation of an educational programme for socially deprived asthma patients. Eur Respir J. 1999;14(4):908-14.
Pereira C. Espirometria. J Pneumol. 2002;28(Suppl 3):S1-S82.
Oliveira MA, Fernandes AL, Santos LA, Carvalho MA, Faresin SM, Santoro IL. Discriminative aspects of SF-36 and QQL-EPM related to asthma control. J Asthma. 2007;44(5):407-10.
Nishimura K, Hajiro T, Oga T, Tsukino M, Ikeda A. Health-related quality of life in stable asthma: what are remaining quality of life problems in patients with well controlled asthma? J Asthma.2004;41(1):57-65
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361-70.
Botega NJ, Bio MR, Zomignani MA, Garcia C Jr, Pereira WA. Mood disorders among inpatients in ambulatory and validation of the anxiety and depression scale HAD [Article in Portuguese]. Rev Saude Publica. 1995;29(5):355-63.
Katon WJ, Richardson L, Russo J, Lozano P, McCauley E. Quality of mental health care for youth with asthma and comorbid anxiety and depression. Med Care. 2006;44(12):1064-72.
Cooper CL, Parry GD, Saul C, Morice AH, Hutchcroft BJ, Moore J, et al. Anxiety and panic fear in adults with asthma: prevalence in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2007;8:62.
Strine TW, Mokdad AH, Balluz LS, Berry JT, Gonzalez O. Impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life, health behaviors, and asthma control among adults in the United States with asthma, 2006. J Asthma. 2008;45(2):123-33.
Lavoie KL, Bacon SL, Barone S, Cartier A, Ditto B, Labrecque M. What is worse for asthma control and quality of life: depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, or both? Chest. 2006;130(4):1039-47.
Kang DH, Coe CL, McCarthy DO. Academic examinations significantly impact immune responses, but not lung function, in healthy and well-managed asthmatic adolescents. Brain Behav Immun. 1996;10(2):164-81.
Kang DH, Coe CL, McCarthy DO, Ershler WB. Immune responses to final exams in healthy and asthmatic adolescents. Nurs Res. 1997;46(1):12-9.
Goldney RD, Ruffin R, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH. Asthma symptoms associated with depression and lower quality of life: a population survey. Med J Aust. 2003;178(9):437-41.
Sundberg R, Torén K, Franklin KA, Gislason T, Omenaas E, Svanes C, et al. Asthma in men and women: treatment adherence, anxiety, and quality of sleep. Respir Med. 2010;104(3):337-44.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
