Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Keywords:
DM, Lung Cancer, Meta-analysis, Risk FactorsAbstract
Background: Lung cancer remains one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality globally, while diabetes mellitus (DM) affects over 500 million adults worldwide, with established links to several malignancies. Despite epidemiological evidence, the link between DM and lung cancer remains inconsistent, potentially confounded by smoking, obesity, and sex-specific factors. Objective: To find the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and lung cancer by synthesizing evidence from different studies.Methodology: A search was made by searching of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified cohort studies assessing DM and lung cancer risk. Random-effects models were employed to combine relative risks (RRs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional analyses included subgroup evaluations, sensitivity assessments, and examination of publication biasResults: People with diabetes mellitus had a modest but significant 11% increased risk of lung cancer, with significant heterogeneity (I² = 89.5%), according to this study, a meta-analysis of 25 different studies (14,441,459 participants). Subgroup analyses revealed significant sex differences, with women having a 22% higher risk (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12–1.33; P < 0.001) and men not significantly associated (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.94–1.27; P = 0.25). Risk was increased in cohorts with high smoking prevalence (≥20% smokers; RR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04–1.44; P = 0.03) and obese people (BMI ≥25 kg/m²). Conclusion: DM may elevate lung cancer risk in women but not in men. Smoking and obesity are critical confounders, highlighting the need for tailored preventive strategies.References
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