Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Predictor of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1996/pjcm.v28i2.806Keywords:
Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Glucose Metabolism, PredictorsAbstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS), a widely used term referring to the combination of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance impacts millions of individuals globally. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess chronic obstructive sleep apnea as a predictor of abnormal glucose metabolism. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 cases (60 cases of chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 60 matched controls) in the Department of Physiology Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi from April 2021 to March 2022. Patients who exhibited nocturnal symptoms such as snoring and shortness of breath were enrolled. Detailed information about their sleep patterns, medical background, and body mass index (BMI) was collected. A fasting blood sample was collected from all participants. Blood sugar levels were compared between the two groups, and the comparison was also conducted based on the severity of apnea, categorizing patients into mild, moderate, and severe apnea groups. Results: The overall mean age of cases and control was 48.5 ± 2.64 years and 47.04 ± 2.82 years respectively. Out of 60 OSA cases, the incidence of mild, moderate, and severe OSA was 25% (n=15), 35% (n=21), and 40% (n=24) respectively. The overall mean Epworth sleep scale (ESS) among cases and control was 11.96 ± 3.8 and 4.48±1.78 respectively. The average fasting blood sugar (FBS) level was 111.82 ± 20.67 mg/dl in the cases group and 96.98 ± 28.82 mg/dl in the controls group, indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.005). The frequency of individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly higher in the OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) group (p=0.001). The abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly associated with apnea severity: the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in mild, moderate, severe, and control cases was 53.3% (n=8), 76.2% (n=16), 62.5% (n=15), and 30% (n=18) respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that obstructive sleep apnea is linked to a greater disruption in glucose metabolism. Additionally, this disruption in glucose metabolism is associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Glucose Metabolism; PredictorsReferences
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