Early Detection of ENT Symptoms in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Cases: A case control study

Authors

  • Aftab Ahmad Department of ENT, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan
  • Hamid U Rehman Department of ENT, North West General Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan
  • Ihtisham Department of ENT, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan
  • Tayyab Rasheed Department of ENT, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital/Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat – Pakistan
  • Ali Khan Department of ENT, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan – Pakistan
  • Saqib Malak Health Department, Upper Dir - Pakistan

Keywords:

COVID-19, ENT Symptoms, Anosmia, Sore Throat, Early Diagnosis

Abstract

BackgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues, understanding the diverse symptomatology associated with the virus is crucial for effective diagnosis and management. ENT symptoms, such as anosmia and sore throat, have gained prominence as potential early indicators of COVID-19 infection. Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of these symptoms in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 compared to healthy individuals. MethodologyA total of 380 participants were enrolled in this study. The study cases were divided into two groups, of which 190 individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 as the case group and 190 healthy individuals forming the control group. Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and the prevalence of various symptoms were systematically collected and analyzed. ResultsThe analysis revealed that ENT symptoms were significantly more prevalent in COVID-19 cases, occurring in 67% of participants compared to only 19% in the control group. Notably,

References

Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, Dutta D, Nath B, Oleynikov MD, et al. The natural history, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020:359-86.

Mahmud T, Saqib M, Siddiqui UN, Khan AS, Aasim M. Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 at Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. Pak. J. Chest Med. 2021;27(2):68-73.

Al-Ani RM. Ear, nose, and throat manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(25):8808.

Sakalli E, Temirbekov D, Bayri E, Alis EE, Erdurak SC, Bayraktaroglu M. Ear nose throat-related symptoms with a focus on loss of smell and/or taste in COVID-19 patients. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(6):102622.

Meylan S, Akrour R, Regina J, Bart PA, Dami F, Calandra T. An Early Warning Score to predict ICU admission in COVID-19 positive patients. J Infect. 2020;81(5):816-46.

Czajkowska-Malinowska M, Kania A, Kuca PJ, Nasiłowski J, Skoczyński S, Sokołowski R, et al. Treatment of acute respiratory failure in the course of COVID-19. Practical hints from the expert panel of the Assembly of Intensive Care and Rehabilitation of the Polish Respiratory Society. Adv. Respir Med. 2020;88(3):245-66.

Abdel-Basst M, Mohamed R, Elhoseny M. A model for the effective COVID-19 identification in uncertainty environment using primary symptoms and CT scans. Health Inform J. 2020;26(4):3088-105.

Matias P, Costa J, Carreiro AV, Gamboa H, Sousa I, Gómez P, et al. Clinically relevant sound-based features in COVID-19 identification: robustness assessment with a data-centric machine learning pipeline. IEEE Access. 2022;10:105149-68.

Spinato G, Costantini G, Fabbris C, Menegaldo A, Mularoni F, Gaudioso P, et al. The importance of early detection of ENT symptoms in mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021;41(2):101.

Vroegop AV, Eeckels AS, Van Rompaey V, Vanden Abeele D, Schiappoli M, Alobid I, et al. COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction ENT perspective to the current COVID-19 pandemic.Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2020;16(1):81-5.

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2251-61.

Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neuro. 2020;77(6):683-90.

Kaye R, Chang CD, Kazahaya K, Brereton J, Denneny III JC. COVID-19 anosmia reporting tool: initial findings. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;163(1):132-4.

Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARSâ€CoVâ€2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020;75(7):1730-41.

Al-Ani A, Ismael Ghazzay H, Al Shawi AF, Eyada Al-koubaisy HN, Al-Ani F, Aldouri M. Association of chronic diseases with mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with convalescent plasma: Evidence from a single center–Iraq. Emerg Med Trauma Acute Care. 2022;2022(2):13.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-02

How to Cite

Ahmad, A., Rehman, H. U., Ihtisham, Rasheed, T., Khan, A., & Malak, S. (2023). Early Detection of ENT Symptoms in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Cases: A case control study. Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine, 29(2), 230–236. Retrieved from https://pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/900

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.