Prevalence of Tobacco use and Nicotine Dependence in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension
Keywords:
Smokers, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension; SwabiAbstract
Background: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension, which are already associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in patients with diabetes and hypertension is crucial for developing effective interventions to improve health outcomes. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among adult diabetic and hypertensive patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bacha Khan Medical Complex from February 2022 to October 2022. This study included patients with diabetes and hypertension. For study purposes, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine dependence and a pre-test for tobacco use were used. Results: The study of 250 patients with diabetes and hypertension found higher tobacco use among males (36%) compared to females (11%). Tobacco use was more common in patients with secondary education (27.1%) and in earners. Moderate nicotine dependence was most prevalent among both smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Longer tobacco use duration and starting at 24 years or older were linked to higher dependence. Conclusion: In conclusion, tobacco use is more prevalent among male patients with diabetes and hypertension, with moderate nicotine dependence being common in both smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Socio-demographic factors such as education level, marital status, and earning status influence tobacco use, while age and duration of tobacco use are significant predictors of nicotine dependence. Despite these associations, income and education levels did not show a direct link to higher dependence.References
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